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Nadudvar
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The town of Nadudvar is situated in Hajdu County, 23 kilometers southwest of Debrecen. In 1941, its overall population numbered 10,491 people.
Nadudvar's Jewish population numbered as follows:
1784/5 - 84
1840 - 400 (6.1% of total population)
1869 - 448 (5.7 of total population)
1880 - 437 (5.9 of total population)
1890 - 460 (5.9 of total population)
1900 - 505 (5.6 of total population)
1910 - 452 (4.8 of total population)
1920 - 386 (4.1 of total population)
1930 - 291 (2.9 of total population)
1941 - 210 (2.0 of total population)
1946 - 56 (0.5 of total population)
1949 - 29
The 1770 census already listed Jews living in Nadudvar, with tombstones in the cemetery testifying to the town's early Jewish settlement.
Most of the residents engaged in trade (grain, feathers, leather and more).
The Jewish Burial Society was formed in 1800, with an additional plot of land purchased next to the original cemetery in 1921. The synagogue was built in 1802.
The city's Jewish school operated through 1925, at which point Hungary's Education Ministry cut off support due to dwindling enrollment. The Talmud Torah and Cheder, however, continued running until the Holocaust.
A memorial to Nadudvar's WWI fallen soldiers was erected in 1920.
Acts of anti-semitism started and intensified between the two world wars.
In April 1944 Nadudvar's Jews were rounded up in the synagogue, then transported by wagons to Balmazujvaros and Szentgyorgypuszta, and from their to the Debrecen ghetto. On June 12 most were transported to Auschwitz - among the victims, Nadudvar's last rabbi, Yisrael Halevy Jungreis (Jungreis' granddaughter, Rebbetzin Esther Jungreis - a Bergen-Belsen survivor - is founder of Hineni International Jewish Heritage Centers and the author of two best-selling books). A small contingent was sent to Regensburg Austria, with most of this group surviving.
The Regensburg group returned to Nadudvar following the war, bringing with them a Torah Scroll they had taken with them and hidden. In 1949 there were 29 Jews in Nadudvar, but the community quickly dissipated, with no Jews remaining by 1953.
Source
Yad Vashem: Pinkas Hakehillot - Volume 3, Hungary
© David Muskal, 2001